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Begum Zafar Ali
Begum Zafar Ali (1900 – 1999) was the first Woman Matriculate of Kashmir (1930), She was an Educationist, women's liberation activist, Social Worker and a Legislator.
Born in 1900, as Syyeda Fatima Hussain, she was the daughter of Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain the first matriculate of Kashmir, later Governor, Judge of the First High Court of J&K,and Home and Judicial Minister during Maharaja Rule. Her mother Syyeda Sakina Sadaat belonged to a Sayyid family of Sabzevar Iran which was an affluent Business family in Kashmir and had houses both in Kashmir and Calcutta. Begum Zafar Ali (Fatima) was the eldest among the three children of Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain. She had two younger brothers, Aga Syed Mehmud (Council Secretary to Maharaja Hari Singh), and Aga Syed Ahmed (I.A.S) former Home Secretary J&K,later Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) (1967-1977).〔
==Early life and education==
Syyeda Fatima as she was known before her marriage, was brought up in an aristocratic, highly conservative Islamic setting where Purdah was an essential part of a woman's life. However the family always gave preference to women education in the house. She received religious and moral education in the early years of her life. Her parents played an instrumental role in the education of their children. She was provided with the best available education. She received formal education at home. A Home Governess who usually was a European Christian would teach her. For the religious education there was a separate tutor for the siblings. This way she remained in touch with both the formal and religious education. Besides formal education at home, the Home Governess would teach and train Syyeda Fatima in House keeping, Home science training, health education, Society, family and children care. During this time she was married to her cousin Agha Zafar Ali Qazalbaash. Begum Zafar Ali had three children. As a mother of three children, she had to devote considerable time to her children. However she managed to spare sufficient time for her education and continued to receive education and training. In 1925 she was invited to join as a teacher at the girls School run by Miss Mallinson and Miss Bose in Fateh Kadal area of Srinagar. At first she was hesitant but later decided to join. She also began taking classes with her children from their home tutor. She would therefore study with her children. Eventually she gained a good hold on the subjects and taught for the next 5 years. During this time she started social service. At the personal level she would provide clothes to the poor girls of the school, comb their hair, stitch their clothes, look after their hygiene. Through the good offices of her father grants were sanctioned for the schools. An extra sum of rupees 10 was sanctioned for the maintenance of girls every month besides meals. She would encourage girls, even the elderly women to seek education and would teach them personally. Seeing her progress in studies she was suggested by her children's' private tutor that she should appear for the matriculation examination since she had a five-year experience of teaching girl students of 10th class. At first she was hesitant since no Kashmiri woman in the state so far had been able to pass the matriculation exams. All the senior female teachers in Kashmir were either 8th pass outs or under Matric. Finally she decided to appear for the examinations in 1930. Out of all the girls appearing in the examination Begum Zaffar Ali passed successfully in Second Division. Since she was the first Kashmiri Woman to pass the Matriculation she was awarded Gold Medal for the Success. From now on there was no looking back. She became a strong advocate of woman education and empowerment. By now she had joined the department of Education as a full-fledged teacher.〔〔〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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